2.5 WSP: Wireless Session Protocol .
However, client-side applications can
also consist of complex programming.Because of the rich variety of client-side programming, browsers that support
programming languages like JavaScript must know how to handle all possible
programming functions.
Buy 2 or more eligible titles and save 35%*—use code The most common standard of data transfer and presentation for a handheld
device involves the combination of Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) with
Wireless Markup Language (WML). As you can see, the process is not complex,
just lengthy.To illustrate how WML works with WMLS, let's examine a sample
application. These languages can be classified as either server-side
scripting or client-side scripting. Specifically, the wireless session protocol (WSP) is responsible for creating and managing sessions of data transmission.
One of the most common of languages is WMLScript, which is discussed later in this chapter. "The following code is a sample card that forms the screen shot in After looking at the sample code, do you see any similarity between it and
XHTML? Transaction Layer. They'll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance - the kind of sophisticated look that today's audiences expect. It includes many of the same logical
functions and syntax. The following is the WML and WMLS page used to create a sample
addition program.These are three different screens, using four different files.
Because a PCS device is limited in memory and
size, it cannot support XHTML.A developer can incorporate any number of programming or scripting languages
into a Web page. PCS devices use
the same concept, but instead of viewing Web pages, you view
"cards. The Internet most of us are familiar with uses Web pages to present
data. It was actually a set of protocols which was called a WAP Protocol suite consisting of: Wireless Application Environment (WAE), functioning in the application layer along with WML. The WDP presents a consistent data format to the higher layers of the WAP protocol stack, thereby offering the advantage of bearer independence to application developers.Each of these layers provides a well-defined interface to the layer above it. The layered architecture allows other applications and services to utilise the features provided by the WAP-stack as well. 24. In fact, WML is a brother to XHTML, and as such, has
inherited all its rules. Wireless Application Environment (WAE)—This part of the stack defines the programming and scripting used for wireless applications. Note that each tag has a matching closing tag, or in
the case of At this point, you might be wondering why PCS devices do not use XHTML
instead of creating a new standard.
Wireless Session Protocol (WSP)—This part is responsible for the type of communication established with the PCS device. It provides encryption, authentication, data integrity checks, and
more.Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP)This part of WAP is where the data
is broken down for the actual carrier. They include the Wireless Session Protocol (WSP), Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP), Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) and the Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP) each doing the session information, transportation, security and interface functions respectively.
Finally, the acknowledgement will bounce back to the originating card,
where the invalid entry was made. 4. ii. Client-side scripting, on the other hand, is typically used for
simple programming needs, which often includes form validation and presentation
enhancements, like trailing mouse images.
WSP/B provides HTTP 1.1 functionality and incorporates new features such as long-lived sessions, a common facility for data push, capability negotiation and session suspend/resume. In addition to size, the typical PCS device does not support
the same type of navigation that a desktop browser uses.
It defines whether the
session is connection-oriented or connectionless.
These pages are actually files that sit on a remote host, and are
downloaded to your client computer to be viewed in a browser. The protocols in the WSP family are optimised for low- In this instance, a session can be described as a period in which communications between the client/server has been Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a technical standard for accessing information over a mobile wireless network.A WAP browser is a web browser for mobile devices such as mobile phones that use the protocol. Although WAP can be used with other forms of
presentation, its coders primarily designed it to be used with WML.Because of the small size of PCS devices, and because they operate with much
less bandwidth or speed, than the rest of the Internet, a special protocol was
necessary to redefine how they handle data transmission.
The core of WSP design is binary form of … Introduced in 1999, WAP achieved some popularity in the early 2000s, but by the 2010s it had been largely superseded by more modern standards.
You should. When compared to a computer screen, this is a
colossal difference. For example, if you wanted to define a word as
bold, you would use the following:However, WML also defines how navigation is performed, and how information is
linked.
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