online chemistry notes

Some chemicals are toxic/poisonous, explosive, corrosive, caustic, irritants, flammable, oxidizing, carcinogenic, or radioactive. Hydrogen does not itself support combustion, as may be shown by passing a lighted taper into an inverted jar of hydrogen, when the taper is extinguished. -Solution formed turn blue litmus paper faint red. Pure substances are rare. You wouldn’t dream of trying a chicken using a spoon, or of drying your hair in over a stove! (ii) Write an equation of the reaction that takes place in the combustion tube

Chemistry Questions and Answers for High School Solvent extraction is a method of separating oil from nuts/seeds.

An impure solid melts below its expected melting point and the more impure, the wider the temperature melting range, e.g. Common soil dissolves in water. I looked at the preview and I went straight ahead to get this! A solute dissolved in water as the solvent exists in another state of matter called aqueous state.Water is refered as the universal solvent because it dissolves many solutes.A solute that dissolves in a solvent is said to be soluble.Soluble particles uniformly spread between the particles of water/solvent and cannot be seen. % inactive part of air = 100% -% active part of air Smear/rub a portion of the residue left after evaporation on a clean dry filter paper.
(vii)Each fraction collected should be confirmed from known physical/chemical properties/characteristic. Calcium + Oxygen/air -> calcium Oxide This conduction involves the movement of free or delocalised electrons (e- charged particles) and does not involve any chemical change. Aluminium is the fastest and copper is the slowest of the six.

The gas mixes with air at the bottom of the tube and then rises to the top of the Bunsen burner, where it can be lit with a match or lighter.

Adding baking powder to dough and then heating in an oven involves interactions that require understanding of chemistry. Crystallization is the process of using solubility of a solute/solid to obtain the solute/solid crystals from a saturated solution by cooling or heating the solution. When tap opened, water runs out and closed when layer of water finished. Oxygen reacts vigorously with combustible materials, especially in its pure state, generating heat in the reaction process.

a water and salt mixture melts below 0oC. (iii)gas produced extinguishes a burning wooden splint with an explosion/pop sound. Place about 200cm3 of water into the beaker. A flat bottomed flask is a moderately narrow glass apparatus with a wide round base with a small flat bottom. (a)Using a pair of tongs hold the piece of copper turnings/shavings on a Bunsen flame. Browse through all study tools. The particles of one liquid are smaller than the particles of the other.

Water is an important item in out universe. We can use the state particle models, and the diagrams shown below, explain changes of state and the energy changes involved. Failure to wear goggles will result in expulsion from laboratory. A white solid/ash mixture of Magnesium oxide and Magnesium nitride is formed.

Sodium hydrogen carbonate +Sulphuric(VI) acid ->Sodium sulphate(VI) + Carbon(IV)Oxide+ Water

(b)Remove another small piece of phosphorus from water and using a deflagrating spoon (with a lid cover)place it on a Bunsen flame. No lab visitors without permission of the lab instructor. Chemical engineers apply the principles of chemistry, math, and physics to the design and operation of large-scale chemical manufacturing processes.

b) Name an appropriate drying agent for hydrogen gas.

White solid /ash formed Iron, gold, silver, copper. Measuring cylinders are apparatus used to measure volume of liquid/ solutions.
Mg(s) + 2HCl (aq) ->MgCl2 (aq) + H2(g)

The mixture is filtered.

MagnesiumOxide + Water ->Magnesium hydroxide • Matter is made up of particles that are in constant motion Ammonia solution is a solution formed after dissolving ammonia gas in water.

Red litmus paper turns blue Large amounts of plastics,glass,fertilizers, insecticides, soaps, cements, are manufactured worldwide.

Made of heat resistant borosilicate glass, withstanding temperatures up to 680°C, the beaker features a large marking spot, graduations and pouring spout. Mountain climbers must therefore carry their own supply of oxygen for breathing.

(yellow when hot) (colourless gas) (grey) Potassium Chlorate(V) decomposes slowly to form potassium chloride and Oxygen gas. Red litmus paper turns faint blue (c)To find the composition of active part of air using alkaline pyrogallol.

The pH scale ranges from 1-14.These numbers are called pH values: An insoluble solid acquire the colour of the suspension/precipitate .e.g .

The process by which a gas/water vapour changes to a liquid is called The function of a stirrer is to agitate liquids for speeding up reactions or improving mixtures. Some drugs are used for other purposes other than that intended. Hydrogen does not occur free in nature.

Chemical Equation Most solid compounds Freezing is the physical change of a liquid to solid. In this way, the iron nail in the first test-tubes is kept in dry air (having no water vapour in it). The heightand position of clamping is variable. • Solution heated in a round bottomed flask A. Magnesium burns in air producing enough heat energy to react with both Oxygen and Nitrogen to form Magnesium Oxide and Magnesium nitride. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4 (aq) ->Al2(SO4)3 (aq) + 3H2(g) 4. The Magnesium glow with a bright flame (and continues to burn even if heating is stopped) Red litmus paper turns blue (b)Using a pair of tongs hold another piece of dry charcoal on a Bunsen flame.

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