small scale lng regasification costs

An FSRU typically costs under US$300 million to build and can offer a lower-cost, faster, more ... the FSRU and offload LNG for regasification and then supply directly into a pipeline. Common hurdles in small-scale LNG projects • Supply of LNG in small quantities might be difficult to arrange • LNG is new to authorities, so it takes time to identify requirements for FEED study & tender • Limitations and requirements (e.g. in areas limited by lack of infrastructure. The LNG is required to be “break-bulked” through either an onshore or offshore facility and loaded on small scale LNG carriers or trucks/rail cars with end users or distributors as the final destination. We use structured finance and commercial creativity Generally, efficiency is reduced and cost increases when the production rate per day of the plant decreases. Today, Talking MiniLNG, Hamworthy sees market opportunities producing LNG in the range of 1 – 15 tonnes per day (1 000 – 15 000 kg/day). The days of LNG terminals as simple LNG regasification facilities that only optimize availability and operational reliability could soon be over, with an LNG hub model focused on additional value-adding services, particularly in small-scale downstream, beginning to emerge. Small-scale LNG can enable rapid establishment of power plants or industries (fertilizers, food industry, ceramic, etc.) This low-cost option ... on everything from small to large-scale projects. By comparison, Hamworthy’s small scale LNG activities cover the range from 50 000 to 1 400 000 kg/day. 2 The European Regasification Business in Numbers The European regasification landscape is made up of 22 terminals classified as large-scale in ten different countries.5 Since the construction of the first terminal in Barcelona in 1968, the overall capacity constantly increased, especially after 2004 (refer to Figure 2-1). However, the term SSLNG is being interpreted in several different ways, e.g. Small Scale LNG Logistic Model 12 REGASIFICATION SATELLITE PLANTS LOCATION 1,067 Satellite Plants ~34,400 LNG trucks loaded per year International leader in LNG truck loading • Destinations: more than 59 across Europe (France, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland, Macedonia) • Demand coverage: 1,400 GWh/year ±12 LNG cargoes LNG Market – LNG markets are where buyers and sellers of LNG negotiate the contracts (long-term or spot). 1) Small-scale liquefaction terminals <1 Mtpa 2) Small scale regasification terminals <1 Mtpa 3) Small scale distributed LNG (dLNG) in trailers or in cylinders between 0.01 and 0.1 Mtpa. Small-Scale LNG Storage & Regasification The LNG virtual-pipeline has enabled off-grid consumers to take advantage of clean-burning natural gas energy. 5.2 LNG Carriers 5.3 Floating Storage and Regasification Unit Ownership (FSRUs) 5.4 2020 LNG Orderbook 5.5 Vessel Costs and Delivery Schedule 5.6 Charter … Long-term contracts have been traditionally the main option due the need to ensure stable revenues to remunerate large scale and capital intensive infrastructure projects (liquefaction and regasification plants). Higher unit costs than for large scale LNG •Costs more to transport a cubic metre of gas in a small carrier compared with a ... REGASIFICATION with Storage $0.55-$0.9 Pipeline $0.1-$0.5 End-user: $8.0-$10/MMBtu Medium Scale Shipping $1.2-$1.4 ... then small scale LNG project economics can be low enough to enable gas marine infrastructure) dictated by the site increase costs Use of small-scale LNG as a fuel for the transportation sector - trucks, buses, ships

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