electronic waste examples

This topic, ‘E-Waste’ is important for the IAS Exam as it comes under the UPSC Mains GS-III paper. Kitchen equipment (toasters, coffee makers, microwave ovens) Laboratory equipment** (hot … “However, there was no solution for what to do once these electronic and electrical products reached the end of their life. If you put every blue whale alive today on one side of a scale and one year of US e-waste (6.9 million tons) on the other, the e-waste would be heavier. With the environmental gains, the job creation and the income generation, I am pleased that Rwanda is now leading the region on e-waste.”. In a report, Apple revealed that it recovered 2,204 pounds of gold —worth $40 million—from recycled iPhones, Macs, and iPads in 2015. We are currently conducting a feasibility study with the support of MINICOM and the EU and hope to attract significant investment,” Mbera said. When we dispose of gadgets and devices improperly, these hazardous materials have a high risk of polluting the air, contaminating soil, and leaching into water sources. are some of the examples of the e-waste. There are national e-waste policies for e-waste management. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is a designation for certain kinds of hardware and other electrical appliances covered by a European Community law called the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive. It includes computers, consumer electronics, fridges etc which have been disposed of by their original users. When e-waste goes into landfills, it puts our waterways, soil and air at risk because a lot of our consumer electronics such as TVs, phones and computers contain toxic materials or harmful chemicals like mercury, lead, or other heavy metals. You must also share it under the same CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. EnviroServe Rwanda currently has six collection points where members of the public can drop off their unwanted electronic goods, and is aiming for 30 by the end of the year  – one in each district of Rwanda and at border posts. E-waste is electronic products that are unwanted, not working, and basically nearing or at the end of their “useful life.” Computers, televisions, VCRs, stereos, copiers, and fax machines are common e-waste products. 30000 industries out of 43000 industries dealing in hazardous waste have been mapped through this application, Enhanced transparency in the working of the Ministry and other Centre/State level regulatory bodies. This means you are welcome to adapt, copy and share it on your platforms with attribution to the source and author(s), but not for commercial purposes. “We keep records of where the waste comes from and whether the client has requested refurbishment or their data wiped,” Mbera said. The new Rules make for stricter norms and are a part of the government’s increased commitment towards environmental governance. - Olivier Mbera, EnviroServe Rwanda general manager, e-waste in Africa is predominately disposed through open dumping, burning and landfilling, Attribution-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-ND 2.0), Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Questions related to the E-Waste for UPSC, For more related topics be sure to visit the. Not only has the facility made great environmental gains, but it’s also created employment for more than 400 people. The steel we recover from discarded items is processed into high quality iron bars by a facility next door to us. Informal or unorganized processing of e-waste particularly in developing nations can affect human health adversely and also cause pollution of the environment. E-waste. Waste generated from the products used for data processing such as computers, computer devices like monitor, speakers, keyboards, printers etc. However, hazardous materials, such as cathode ray tube monitors, require special handling in disposal. He added that COVID-19 has had a big impact on their work, delaying the establishment of collection centres throughout the country. The electronic waste problem is huge: More than 48 million tons of e-waste are produced every year. A detailed inventory on e-waste generation was also conducted as part of the project, and it found that Rwanda had the potential to of generate 10,000-15,000 tonnes of e-waste per year. E-waste is often looked at as a problem, but, as we have demonstrated, it is also a resource. Electronic Waste (e-waste)is one of the fastest growing segments of our nation’s waste stream. This is to ensure that the solid waste generated in their facilities is treated and recycled. “E-waste”, “electronic waste”, “e-scrap” and “end-of-life electronics” are terms often used to describe used electronics that are nearing the end of their useful life, and are discarded, donated or given to a recycler. Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) and other mercury-containing lamps have been brought under the purview of the rules. Electronic scrap materials like CPUs consist of possibly harmful substances like lead, beryllium, cadmium, or brominated flame retardants. Many of the materials used in making these electronic devices can be recovered, reused, and recycled—including plastics, metals, and glass. E-waste materials may be valuable and recyclable, such as random access memory and reusable laptops. Rapid technological innovation has made production “Rwanda is among the few countries that have an electronic waste policy and regulations, and is the second in Africa to have a state-of-the-art e-waste dismantling and recycling facility,” said Olivier Mbera, country general manager of EnviroServe Rwanda, which runs the recycling facility. E-waste is the leftover parts of electronics, especially computers, phones, and other machines, that are no longer useful. The purpose of the web-based application is to better manage the waste. If you are planning to use a specific piece of electronic equipment for a limited period of time, it would be a better idea to rent it instead of buying it. Electronic waste (e-waste) is generated from discarded mobile phones, computers, stereos and light bulbs, as well as large household appliances such as televisions, refrigerators, washing machines and air conditioners. means a: computer; computer monitor; computer peripheral device containing a cathode ray tube; printer; or television sold to a covered entity. Also, the Environment, Forest and Climate Change Ministry has announced the E-Waste Management Rules 2016. Electronic waste is discarded electronic or electrical equipment and devices. Informal or unorganized processing of e-waste particularly in developing nations can affect human health adversely and also cause pollution of the, This topic, ‘E-Waste’ is important for the. Any views and opinions expressed on Trade for Development News are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect those of EIF. They are harmful to the environment because of the presence of harmful chemicals like brominated flame retardants and toxic heavy metals like mercury, cadmium, lead etc. Generate database on waste generating/ processing industrial units under construction, or operation by consolidating the information regarding Consent to Establish, Consent to Operate and Authorization, import/export permission. The electronics like monitors, televisions, cell phones, and other electronic devices come under this category. An e-waste recycling facility was built in the eastern part of the country and is currently managed and operated by the private sector company EnviroServe Rwanda Green Park though a public-private partnership agreement with the Government of Rwanda. But used electronics also have a lot of inherent value that we don’t realize. This has spurred the company to take their capacity a step further. Electronic waste (e-waste) refers to the disposal of broken or obsolete electronic components and materials. Recycling of WEEE is a specialist part of the waste and recycling industry. By 2031, municipal solid waste is supposed to rise to 165 million tonnes and, if unprocessed, would require 1240 hectares of land for disposal. 2. The application can also track the movement of hazardous waste and will also help in ensuring its proper management. – RCRA program defines wastes as materials that exhibit a characteristic of hazardous waste. Informal processing of e-waste in developing countries can lead to adverse human health effects and environmental pollution. Rwanda is among the few countries that have an electronic waste policy and regulations, and is the second in Africa to have a state-of-the-art e-waste dismantling and recycling facility. Many visiting country delegations have been interested in the model that Rwanda has adopted for its e-waste recycling, and Mbera believes not only is it easily applicable to other countries, but it is also a good example for how the circular economy can work in Africa. E-Waste or Electronic Waste is called nothing but the same electrical goods which we dump or discard after using it. 3.  Electronics are full of valuable materials, including copper, tin, iron, aluminum, fossil fuels, titanium, gold, and silver. “Rwanda is setting a great example for other countries in Africa,” he added. | PowerPoint PPT presentation | … The government wanted a solution that took a whole-of-life approach.”. Garbage management is the responsibility of municipal bodies, they would have the rights to charge user fees and levy spot fines for littering and non-segregation. E-waste is described as the 1. Implement the concept of paperless/ green office; Citizens can easily apply and get online permissions for import and export of certain categories of waste, which is for reuse or recycling or recovery or co-processing and ultimately to conserve our primary resource, It will make work related to web-based processing, generation, and grant of various types of certification/ permissions to the entrepreneurs and industries easier, Provisions of online applications along with supporting documents/annexure have been provided, The application will keep a track of the number of authorization/ certificates granted under consent to establish, or consent to operate. “According to the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA), consumers were expected to purchase 500 million units of consumer electronics in the US in 2008. “We crush the plastic into small pellets and this is sent to other industries to make new plastic materials such as chairs or construction material. Electronic waste, e-waste, e-scrap, or … Old and discarded dump sites would have to be shut-down or bio-remedied within five years. Producers have been made accountable for e-waste collection and e-waste exchange as well. As our population is increasing, our needs are also increasing due to which, the amount of E-waste is also increasing. If the item is beyond repair, it is dismantled into different parts, valuable materials are recovered and hazardous materials are responsibly disposed of. Instead of throwing away your old or broken electronics--including VCRs, printers, and tablets--Reduce, repair, reuse, or recycle them. For example, if you sparingly use industrial weighing scales for measuring, say, the weight of the electronic … Also, such provisions hold stakeholders responsible for e-waste pollution. After consulting those involved in the sector, with support from the Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF), the country approved an e-waste policy in 2016. BAN is a non-profit organization of recycling companies which are dedicated to recycling e-waste in a safe and responsible way. The applicants can keep a track of their online application submitted by them and can also check the status of their application. As already mentioned, most electronic waste is sent to developing countries like China to be dismantled and dumped. The disposal of electronics is a growing problem because electronic equipment frequently contains hazardous substances. “With the circuit boards we have to export them to Enviroserve Dubai where there is higher tech and environmentally friendly facilities to remove precious metals.”. Also, when e-waste meets the landfills, the toxic chemicals seep into the soil and water, leading to groundwater pollution that further impacts sea health and human health. What do we do with piles and piles of discarded electronics? 2. All of the content on Trade for Development News is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license. • Electronic Waste, also recognized as E‐Waste, is a combination of used or unwanted electronic products that have exceeded their shelf life. Electronic waste from equipment of all sizes includes dangerous chemicals like lead, cadmium, beryllium, mercury, and brominated flame retardants. E-waste is any refuse created by discarded electronic devices and components as well as substances involved in their manufacture or use. In 2016 alone, 44.7 million tonnes of e-waste were generated globally, of which 435 thousand tonnes were mobile phones,6 representing more than the mass of the Empire State Building.7 Just 20% of e-waste is documented to be collected and recycled under appropriate conditions, while Just three years ago, Mbera was overseeing the development and implementation of Rwanda’s e-waste management project in his role with Rwanda’s Ministry of Trade and Industry (MINICOM). Used electronics which are destined for refurbishment, reuse, resale, salvage recycling through material recovery, or disposal are also considered e-waste. The government and other private institutions had been renting warehouses to store all the e-waste, which was expensive and unsustainable. In addition, e-waste also encompasses items that can be e-cycled (electronics that are going to be reused, resold, salvaged, or recycled). “The policy provided guiding principles in dealing with e-waste and roles and responsibilities for institutions. Key Points of E-waste Management Rules 2016: Approximately 62 million tonnes of waste are generated annually in India, of which only 11.9 million are treated, and around half i.e., 31 million tonnes are dumped in landfill sites. Electronic waste consists of electronic devices that are near or at the end of their useful life. For more related topics be sure to visit the UPSC Syllabus page. Voice Call. Recycling is done for profit so the cheapest dismantling methods are used to extract the valuab… “We are aiming to expand and become the first lithium battery recycling facility in Africa. The following links will further help their candidates in their exam preparation: As India is the fifth largest E-waste producing country in the world, aspirants should know that E-waste is a term used for those electronic products which are near to the end of their useful life. Electronic scrap materials like CPUs consist of possibly harmful substances like lead, beryllium, cadmium, or brominated flame retardants. Required fields are marked *, Request OTP on A lot of care must be taken to prevent hazardous exposure in recycling operations. Sports equipment with electric or electronic components. Electronic waste (e-waste) products have exhausted their utility value through either redundancy, replacement, or breakage and include both “white goods” such as refrigerators, washing machines, and microwaves and “brown goods” such as televisions, radios, computers, and cell phones. E-waste Essay example 1309 Words | 6 Pages. from the storage and distribution of petrol and for certain shipments of waste, until 2011 for the sulphur content of certain fuels and the recovery and recycling of packaging waste, until 2012 for integrated pollution prevention and control, until 2014 for the landfilling of certain liquid wastes and for large combustion plants and until 2015 for urban waste water. Equipment or devices used for communication like phones, landline phones, fax etc. The electronic waste problem is colossal, and it’s growing. as it comes under the UPSC Mains GS-III paper. Care must also be taken to prevent the leaking of harmful materials such as heavy metals from incinerator ashes and landfills. The recycling and disposal of such electronic waste involve great risk to the workers and communities in developing nations. Electronic waste or e-waste describes discarded electrical or electronic devices. It encompasses all broken, unusable, or outdated/obsolete electronic devices, components, and materials. Generate databases on different categories of wastes generated viz hazardous, biomedical, municipal, electronic, plastic waste, etc. These new rules replaced the earlier E-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules of 2011. page. This article will hence talk in detail about E-waste and the E-Waste Management rules. Used electronics that are intended for reuse, salvage, resale, disposal, or recycling are also referred to as e-waste. The Rules for the first time, bring producers under the ambit of the. It includes CFLs or Compact Fluorescent Lamps as well as other lamps with mercury, and similar equipment. Once the e-waste reaches their facility, it is separated, weighed and recorded. E-waste of about 50 million tons is being generated every year. The discarded electronic and electrical equipment is called e-waste. This year, we are focused on increasing not only the number of collection centres to 30, but also raising awareness amongst the general public about where they can responsibly dispose of their e-waste,” Mbera said. Those who have not been managed properly, it can emerge as a major threat in the future. Electronic waste (e-waste) is generated from discarded mobile phones, computers, stereos and light bulbs, as well as large household appliances such as televisions, refrigerators, washing machines and air conditioners. Highlights of the new E-waste Management Rules 2016: India’s Environment Ministry has notified rules targeting the wide range of groups like hotels, residential colonies, bulk producers of consumer goods, ports, railway stations, airports, and pilgrimage spots. The lead, zinc, barium etc, found in electronic waste tend to harm human health. Lighting. “We recognize that even with these measures we are not able to access all the e-waste in Rwanda so we work with general waste collection companies, training them to separate the e-waste and give it to us,” Mbera said. If they are able to repair and refurbish the equipment, they then either sell it at a heavily discounted price or donate it to local schools. An Ultimate Guide To Electronic Waste Data Destruction (1) - Electronic waste introduces all those discarded electronics that have become non-working. You can find more UPSC-related preparation materials and other articles with the links given in the table below: Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. If you would like to reuse any material published here, please let us know by sending an email to EIF Communications: eifcommunications@wto.org. Electronic devices used for entertainment like TV, DVDs, and CD players. In India, there are e-waste management rules 2016 that guide the e-waste management. “At the time, the government had been promoting ICT penetration in rural areas through different initiatives such as a one laptop per child program and an off-grid rural electrification program, and there was a move to have all services delivered online through Irembo,” Mbera said. The first African country to ban plastic bags now has another notch to add to its environmental belt – a comprehensive approach to recycling and repurposing electronic waste. Hazardous waste is a waste with properties that make it dangerous, or capable of having a harmful effect on human health and the environment. This article will hence talk in detail about E-waste and the E-Waste Management rules. 1. How can you help? Virtually all electronic waste contains some form of recyclable material which is why they may be considered obsolete to consumers, but still serve an important purpose. Electronic Waste Addressing the future Today By: Ahmed Shah & Tanveer Shaikh EEP 142 Spring 2008. These policies help the e-waste collected and recycled. This electronic waste, or e-waste, can actually harm the environment not only by contributing to the overall solid waste in landfills, but by polluting soil and water with toxic chemicals. You need to find an e-waste recycler who is officially certified by the Basel Action Network (BAN). 4. A transition period of two to five years would be in place beyond which fines would be imposed as per the country’s Environment Minister. What is Electronic Waste? “So far we have sold or donated nearly 2,000 refurbished computers to schools,” Mbera said. All members have … E-waste isneeds to be distinct from other forms of industrial waste chemically and physically; it contains both valuable and hazardous materials and causes harm to environment and human health whenwithout the use of special handling and recycling method are not used (Robinson 2009, p.184). “This was the baseline data we needed to be able to put in place proper infrastructure for sustainable e-waste management in Rwanda,” Mbera said. These bars are being used in the construction of schools and new airport construction,” Mbera said. Electronic waste E-waste is the result of obsolete electronic devices such as computers and mobile phones. Electronic waste, also known as E-waste, is a major concern in today's modern world. Candidates can read about related topics linked below: The Environment, Forest, and Climate Change Ministry (MoEF&CC) have announced the E-Waste Management Rules 2016. Used electronics that are intended for reuse, salvage, resale, disposal, or recycling are also referred to as e-waste. You can find more UPSC-related preparation materials and other articles with the links given in the table below: Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. • Computer equipment, monitors/TV’s, cell phones, batteries, stereos, etc. As technological advancements continue, and companies adopt an “out with the old, in with the new” frame of mind in order to compete in their competitive industries, electronic waste has become a serious problem. 3. It is a rapidly growing sub-sector due largely to the implementation of the original WEEE Directive in the UK by the WEEE Regulations 2006, With that came the associated requirements for the recovery, reuse, recycling and treatment of WEEE. Local bodies with a population of one lakh or above were supposed to establish solid waste processing facilities within two years, Census towns below a lakh would be given three years to establish solid waste processing facilities. The Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Regulations 2013 (“the Regulations”) became law in the UK on the 1st of January 2014 and replaced the 2006 Regulations. So, in 2008 Rwanda began policy discussions around how to manage its e-waste. These new rules replaced the earlier E-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules of 2011. The rules on solid waste management have been amended after 16 years. the sphere of high technologies production, so the scale of electronics market becomes wider and spins up from day to day. As previously mentioned, technology seems to become all but obsolete only a … The new Regulations trans… Municipal authorities until 2013-14, have so far established only 553 compost and vermin-compost plants, 56 bio-methanation plants, 22 refuse-derived fuel plants, and 12 waste-to-energy plants. The recycling and disposal of such electronic waste involve great risk to the workers and communities in developing nations. The next step was to create legal instruments such as a law and regulations and adequate infrastructure to handle the increasing generation of e-waste,” Mbera said. EnviroServe Rwanda also offers a collection service for large organisations and companies, not only in Rwanda but also servicing companies in Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Burundi. This makes sense as our technology growth rate continues to accelerate exponentially.

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